Answer the following questions by choosing the correct answer from the options provided. Each question has four possible answers, with only one correct answer.
What is the main difference between somatic cells and gametes?
A. Somatic cells are haploid, while gametes are diploid.
B. Somatic cells are diploid, while gametes are haploid.
C. Both somatic cells and gametes are haploid.
D. Somatic cells cannot undergo division, while gametes can.
During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?
A. Prophase I
B. Anaphase II
C. Anaphase I
D. Telophase I
What is the end result of meiosis?
A. Two identical diploid cells
B. Four genetically unique haploid cells
C. One diploid zygote
D. Two genetically unique diploid cells
How many rounds of division occur in meiosis?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
What was one of Gregor Mendel’s major contributions to genetics?
A. The discovery of DNA structure
B. The formulation of the laws of inheritance
C. The identification of sex-linked traits
D. The invention of the microscope
What does the Law of Segregation state?
A. Alleles for different traits assort independently.
B. Two alleles for a trait can blend into one phenotype.
C. Alleles segregate during gamete formation.
D. Only dominant alleles are expressed in the phenotype.
Create a monohybrid cross example between a homozygous tall pea plant (TT) and a homozygous short pea plant (tt). What is the genotype of the offspring?
A. TT
B. Tt
C. tt
D. Tt and tt
What is the phenotypic ratio resulting from a monohybrid cross between Tt (tall) and Tt (tall)?
A. 1 tall : 1 short
B. 3 tall : 1 short
C. 1 tall : 2 short
D. 2 tall : 2 short
If a dihybrid cross is conducted between a pea plant that is heterozygous for both seed shape (Rr) and seed color (Yy) and another heterozygous for both traits (RrYy), what is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
A. 9:3:3:1
B. 3:1
C. 1:2:1
D. 1:1:1:1
In a dihybrid cross between two parents that are both RrYy, which of the following combinations of alleles represents a possible gamete?
A. RY
B. rY
C. RrYy
D. A and B only
Given a mother with genotype AaBb and a father with genotype AABb, what is the probability of having a child with the genotype AABb?
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%
What is the term for the outward expression of a genotype?
A. Allele
B. Phenotype
C. Genotype
D. Trait
If a plant with genotype Aa produces four gametes, what are the possible gametes?
A. AA, Aa, aa
B. A, a, A, a
C. AA, aa
D. Aa, Aa
In the cross of a homozygous recessive (bb) with a heterozygous (Bb) individual, what is the expected genotypic ratio of the offspring?
A. 1:1
B. 3:1
C. 1:2:1
D. 2:2
What is the name of the chart that predicts the genetic outcomes of crosses?
A. Gene chart
B. Mendel chart
C. Phenotype chart
D. Punnett square
If an organism has two identical alleles for a trait, it is described as:
A. Homozygous
B. Heterozygous
C. Monohybrid
D. Hemizygous
Which of the following best describes the function of alleles?
A. They are different forms of a gene.
B. They are identical forms of a gene.
C. They are physical structures in the cell.
D. They determine the number of chromosomes.
What genotypic ratio would you expect from a cross of two homozygous individuals, one with dominant traits and one with recessive traits?
A. 1:1
B. 3:1
C. 100% dominant
D. 100% recessive
Which of the following is true about dominant alleles?
A. They are always expressed in a phenotype.
B. They can be masked by recessive alleles.
C. They are more common than recessive alleles.
D. They can only be found in homozygous individuals.
In a certain plant, the allele for red flowers (R) is dominant over the allele for white flowers (r). What will be the flower color of a plant with the genotype Rr?
A. Red
B. White
C. Pink
D. Yellow