Summary of Human Sexuality

Definition of Sexuality

• Distinction from Gender Identity: Human sexuality is separate from an individual's gender identity, focusing on romantic and sexual attraction to specific sexes.

Categories of Sexual Orientation

1. Heterosexuality: Attraction to the opposite sex.
2. Homosexuality: Attraction to one's own sex.
3. Bisexuality: Attraction to either sex or more than one gender.
4. Asexuality: No attraction to either sex.
5. Pansexuality: Attraction towards individuals irrespective of their sex; sometimes viewed as a form of bisexuality but distinct due to the non-influence of gender or sex on attraction.

Cultural Context

• Heteronormativity in Australia: The society predominantly supports heterosexuality as the norm, though this perspective is evolving.
  • Notable Example: Heterosexual individuals are rarely questioned about their orientation, unlike gay individuals who frequently face inquiries about their awareness of being gay.

Visibility in Media

• Increased representation of diverse sexual orientations in popular culture has contributed to greater acceptance.
  • Example: The inclusion of a same-sex couple in Star Trek: Discovery (2017) marks a significant shift from earlier portrayals.

Awareness and Socialization

• Individuals typically become aware of their sexuality in middle childhood to early adolescence, independent of sexual activity.
• Socialization of 'normal' sexual attitudes arises from various influences such as family, religion, peers, education, and media.

Evolving Influences

• Historically, religion heavily influenced societal norms regarding sexual behavior; however, contemporary influences are increasingly derived from media and peer dynamics.

Diverse Global Perspectives

• Varying attitudes toward sexuality exist worldwide, including differing views on:
  • Age of sexual consent
  • Polygamy and bigamy
  • Homosexuality
  • Premarital sex
• Certain views, such as disapproval of incest, are commonly shared across societies.

Comparative Attitudes

• Recent surveys reveal distinct societal attitudes towards premarital sex and sexual activity:
  • Ireland: Only 42% approval of premarital sex.
  • Sweden: 89% approval.
  • Russia: 75% disapproval of sex before age 16.
  • Philippines: 93% disapproval in the same context.

This summary reflects the multifaceted nature of human sexuality within an Australian context, highlighting key distinctions and contemporary changes in societal attitudes.