Summary of Peer Influence on Adolescents

Definition of Peers

• Peers are individuals of similar age or social status, sharing comparable experiences.

Sources of Peer Networks

• Peer networks can form in:
  • Sporting teams
  • Religious institutions (e.g., church)
  • Workplaces
  • Special interest groups
  • Educational settings (school friends)

Impact of Social Media

• The influence of peer groups has intensified, particularly due to social media.
• Adolescents today spend significant time with peers outside the family unit.

Role in Personal and Social Identity Development

• Peer groups substantially shape personal and social identities.
• Members learn to conform to group norms by adopting their language and interests.

Influence of Mainstream Media

• Peer dynamics are strongly represented in mainstream media, influencing societal norms and language.

Social Rewards and Punishments

• Adolescents often conform to peer expectations for:
  • Social acceptance
  • Sense of belonging
  • Validation of shared values
• Healthy peer groups can encourage positive pursuits valued by society (e.g., sports, academics).

Negative Consequences of Peer Conformity

• Adhering to peer group norms can also lead to negative behaviours:
  • Exclusion from the group for straying from code
  • Gossiping, dating an ex-partner, promiscuous behaviour
  • Starting rumours, ostracising, or teasing peers.

This summary highlights the multi-faceted role of peer dynamics in adolescent development and the profound impact of social interactions, both positive and negative, within these groups.