Natural Selection
What is Natural Selection?
- Natural selection is a process that helps living things adapt to their environments.
- It explains how species change over time.
- Organisms with traits that help them survive are more likely to reproduce.
Variations in Characteristics
- Every species has different traits, like color or size.
- These differences are called variations.
- Some variations are helpful in finding food, escaping predators, or attracting mates.
Advantages of Variations
- Traits that help an animal survive are called advantageous traits.
- For example, a rabbit that is faster might escape from predators better than a slower rabbit.
- Animals with advantageous traits can find mates more easily and have more babies.
Example: Peppered Moths
- Before the Industrial Revolution, most peppered moths were light-colored.
- When pollution darkened trees, darker moths were better camouflaged.
- They survived more often and had more offspring.
How Do Traits Get Passed Down?
- Traits are passed from parents to their young through genes.
- The young inherit characteristics that help them survive in their environment.
- Over many generations, helpful traits become more common in a population.
What Happens When Environments Change?
- If an environment changes, some advantages might become disadvantages.
- Organisms that can adapt quickly will survive, while others may struggle.
- Example: A drier climate may favor plants that require less water.
Why is Natural Selection Important?
- Natural selection helps populations evolve over time.
- It ensures that species can survive in changing environments.
- Understanding natural selection helps us learn about our own environment and how to protect it.
The image of a diverse landscape showing different animals, like rabbits and moths, demonstrating various colors and sizes, highlighting the concept of natural selection and variations in a fun, educational way.